(Visit: http://www.uctv.tv) Cristina Brickman, MD. Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, UCSF. Recorded on 04/08/2017. Series: “UCSF Vascular Surgery Symposium” [6/2017] [Professional Medical Education] [Show ID: 32301]
Type 1 diabetes is a genetic, auto-immune disorder. You can not “catch” diabetes from anyone. Lol. 😛
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Developed and produced for http://www.MDPracticeGuide.com, a CME resource for physicians and healthcare providers.
Animation Description: Under normal circumstances, bacterial infection results in the release of chemokines that attract circulating neutrophils to the endothelium. This process is known as chemotaxis.
A variety of molecules are expressed on the endothelial cell surface that allow the neutrophil to be captured, then roll along the endothelium, then adhere.
Following adherence, the neutrophil migrates into the subendothelial tissue to reach the site of infection.
The neutrophil engulfs the bacteria and eliminates them via breakdown within the phagosomes — a process known as phagocytosis.
In states of hyperglycemia, chemotaxis is reduced. Adherence is also adversely affected.
Phagocytosis is also impaired by hyperglycemia.
Hyperglycemia also adversely affects the macrophage system. Under normal circumstances, circulating monocytes are attracted to sites of infection, roll, adhere, and then migrate into the subendothelial space. The monocyte then transforms into a macrophage.
which is then activated by cytokines released by the bacteria. The activated macrophage then engulfs the bacteria.
However, hyperglycemia results in decreased activation of macrophages, thereby arresting the process of macrophage phagocytosis of bacteria.
In addition to affecting neutrophil and macrophage function, hyperglycemia also affects the complement cascade. Under situations of normal glycemia, bacteria can activate the complement cascade.
Activation of the complement cascade results in the formation of transmembrane protein channels known as membrane attack complex (MAC) in bacterial membrane.
Membrane attack complexes make the bacterial membrane porous and the rapid influx of fluid results in the bacterial cell death.
Hyperglycemia inhibits the proper activation of the complement cascade, thereby reducing another pathway of the immune system.
To learn more visit: http://www.AnimatedDiabetesPatient.com
Presently in medicine, diabetes is not a curable disease. In type 1 diabetes, patients need lifelong insulin treatment to keep their blood sugars in normal range to avoid complications. In type 2 diabetes, studies suggest that in the very early stages of the disease it can be reversed with a strict calorie diet. But once type 2 diabetes is well established, it cannot be completely cured. Type 2 diabetes patients need to keep their blood sugars in normal range by maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and taking their medications on a regular basis to avoid long-term complications.
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Immune diseases like type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis can lead to severe complications in patients, yet there are currently very limited treatment options which mitigate their impact at best and no opportunity for a cure. However, the discovery of a new technology platform at Belgium’s KU Leuven Hospital offers new hope for these patients.
Imotopes™ are modified HLA class II epitopes which block the immune processes that cause immune-mediated diseases, providing a potentially curative approach to severe chronic diseases. Imotopes™ induce cytolytic T cells that specifically eliminate antigen-presenting cells without affecting other functions of the immune system, intervening and stopping an autoimmune response at a time when attacked tissues can still regenerate.
Imotopes™ is the product of Imcyse, a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company based in Lieges, Belgium, pioneering the development of this new class of active, specific immunotherapies. This technology is most advanced in the area of Type 1 Diabetes, with the development of IMCY-0098.
IMCY-0098 is a novel insulin-based Imotope™. In August 2019, Imcyse presented promising results from its first in human trial, a phase Ib safety study with IMCY-0098 in patients with early type 1 diabetes (T1D): IMCY-0098 is safe, well-tolerated, does not accelerate disease and is associated with immune modulation.
Imcyse is working with top clinicians at KU Leuven, as well as being part of INNODIA, a global partnership to fight Type 1 Diabetes. Through INNODIA’s Patient Advisory Committee Imcyse will ensure they deliver the treatment that Type 1 Diabetes patients want and need.
As clinical trials progress and basic research continues, the Imotope™ technology platform has the potential to address a wide range of indications in the vast field of immunology from diabetes to even less treatable conditions – with the potential to create a paradigm shift in the way these conditions are treated.
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Dr. Sunil Dargar, MBBS, MD, Pathologist, New Delhi, will talk about whether the urine sugar test is reliable. In earlier days, only urine sugar test was available to detect diabetes.
The urine test may not be frequently prescribed test nowadays, but its importance still remains. Presence of acetone, ketone, microalbumin or 24-hour albumin in urine is very relevant in diabetic patients.
Dr. Dargar will explain why it is necessary to know the sugar, acetone or ketone present in diabetic patient’s urine. The enzymes which are available to detect the glucose in urine are for ketones which are very reliable and can detect even a small amount of ketones and sugar in urine. Also, the urine sugar test can help to detect intermittent proteinuria in diabetic patients.
If you have diabetes, you have way too much sugar in your bloodstream. So does eating a lot of sugar cause it?
#diabetes #bloodsugar #insulin
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Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Andrew Sobey
Elaine Seward
Writer/Host:
Sam Jones, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Thomas Delong, PhD
Leila Duman, PhD
Peter Havel, DVM, PhD
Katie Page, MD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Kimber Stanhope, PhD
Sources:
Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and fruit juice and incidence of type 2 diabetes: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimation of population attributable fraction
https://www.bmj.com/content/351/bmj.h3576
Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes
https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/33/11/2477
A Prospective Study of Sugar Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women
https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/diacare/26/4/1008.full.pdf
Gestational diabetes
https://www.diabetes.org/diabetes/gestational-diabetes/how-will-this-impact-my-baby
Type 2 diabetes
https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/type2.html
Diabetes
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20371444
Visceral fat and diabetes
Gestational diabetes
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gestational-diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20355339
Symptoms & Causes of Diabetes
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/symptoms-causes
Sugar and diabetes
https://www.diabetes.org.uk/guide-to-diabetes/enjoy-food/eating-with-diabetes/food-groups/sugar-and-diabetes
Does eating too much sugar cause diabetes?
https://chicagocaresdpp.org/does-eating-too-much-sugar-cause-diabetes/
Why too much sugar is bad for you
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/too-much-sugar
Does sugar cause diabetes?
Belly fat promotes diabetes
https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/belly-fat-promotes-diabetes-under-orders-liver#:~:text=The%20fat%20that%20builds%20up,determining%20what%20causes%20the%20inflammation.
Sugar and diabetes
Reiser, S., et al., Isocaloric exchange of dietary starch and sucrose in humans. II. Effect on fasting blood insulin, glucose, and glucagon and on insulin and glucose response to a sucrose load. Am J Clin Nutr, 1979. 32(11): p. 2206-16.
Hallfrisch, J., et al., Effects of dietary fructose on plasma glucose and hormone responses in normal and hyperinsulinemic men. J Nutr, 1983. 113(9): p. 1819-26.
Reiser, S., et al., Serum insulin and glucose in hyperinsulinemic subjects fed three different levels of sucrose. Am J Clin Nutr, 1981. 34(11): p. 2348-58.
Schwarz, J.M., et al., Effect of a High-Fructose Weight-Maintaining Diet on Lipogenesis and Liver Fat. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2015. 100(6): p. 2434-42.
Aeberli I, Hochuli M, Gerber PA, Sze L, Murer SB, Tappy L, Spinas GA, Berneis K. Moderate amounts of fructose consumption impair insulin sensitivity in healthy young men: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2013 Jan;36(1):150-6.
Stanhope KL, Schwarz JM, Keim NL, Griffen SC, Bremer AA, Graham JL, Hatcher B, Cox CL, Dyachenko A, Zhang W, McGahan JP, Seibert A, Krauss RM, Chiu S, Schaefer EJ, Ai M, Otokozawa S, Nakajima K, Nakano T, Beysen C, Hellerstein MK, Berglund L, Havel PJ. Consuming fructose-sweetened, not glucose-sweetened, beverages increases visceral adiposity and lipids and decreases insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese humans. J Clin Invest. 2009 May;119(5):1322-34.
Does sugar cause diabetes? To avoid high blood sugar it’s common among people with diabetes to fret about sugary foods and fruits altogether. The sugar situation is understandably confusing to people because “sugar” is used as a blanket term. But it’s time to refresh the mind with some previous knowledge. There are different types of sugar with different biological effects in the body.
So the correct questions to ask are: What type of sugar causes diabetes? And which sugars reverse insulin resistance? Because in the world of diabetes, sugar type matters more than the amount.
Here’s what Dr. Michelle McMacken talks about to help clear the confusion:
– The sugar in your blood and the sugar in your food
– The sugar that increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes
– Added sugars vs natural sugars
– Is fructose bad for you? What happens when you take in pure fructose?
Dr. Michelle McMacken is a board-certified internal medicine physician and an assistant professor of medicine at the NYU School of Medicine. She’s an honors graduate of Yale University and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. She has more than 10 years of experience practicing primary care, directing a medical weight loss program, and teaching doctors in training at Bellevue Hospital Center in New York City. Dr. McMacken has written articles for Forks Over Knives, including one called Seven Things that Happen to You When You Stop Eating Meat that has been shared more than 250,000 times.
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In this Video, renowned Diet Educator, Mr. #Lokendratomar has explained what could be the possible reasons for #FoamyUrine among #DiabeticPatients. There could be a number of reasons like #LossOfProtein from the body, #HighBloodPressure, medication, #infection, or #dehydration explained in detail in the video. However, in Diabetic Patients, the most important reason for foamy urine could be #KidneyDamage due to which there might be a loss of protein from the body. This is a very common problem among #diabetics. Watch this video to get more details and understand the subject in the easiest language.
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Type 1 Diabetes Signs & Symptoms | Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Complications & Why They Occur
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition involving destruction of pancreatic beta cells, which leads to compromised or completely absent production of insulin. The lack of insulin leads to very high levels of glucose and other metabolic changes, which causes many different signs and symptoms.
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